2025-26

The course offers basic information on archaeology for the beginning student.

The French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution were fundamental to the shaping of the societies of contemporary Europe. The course deals with the ideological fermentation and uprisings of the early decades of the 19th century that stemmed from these two revolutions, the development of the Industrial Revolution and extensive urbanization, from nationalism and the formation of nation-states, liberalism, the evolution of European political systems, trade unionism and commercial rivalry, extensive colonial expansion and militarism.

The various units of the course deal with the period from the end of the First World War to the fall of Communism. The units of the first half of the course examine ideological, political and socio-economic clashes during the interwar period, the rise of democracies and dictatorships and the consequences of the economic crisis, the birth and enormous expansion of totalitarian regimes and the Second World War.

The course analyzes and studies the political and social entity created in Egypt and Syria in the late Middle Ages by the Mamluks, who were military personnel of servile origin. The Mamluk State was the largest political, military, and economic power in the Middle East until it was conquered and incorporated by the Ottomans into their state.

The course deals with theoretical problems in the history of Modern Greek literature, such as the various views regarding when it can be considered to begin, its periods, its language and the distinction between literature and written material in general.  The students are taught the basic features of Modern Greek prosody and Modern Greek dialects.  The course then deals with writers and representative texts, mainly historical, from the 10th c.